Phytochemical Screening, Isolation, and Characterization & Biological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Nelumbo Nucifera Leaf.

Herbal medicines are in great demand in the developed world for primary health care due their efficacy, safety and lesser side effects. Recently ,considerable attention has been paid to utilize eco-friendly and bio –friendly plant based products. The natural products are undoubtedly valuable as a lead for new medicinal agents. Hence in the present study, is to investigate the Anti-inflammatory (carregeenan induced paw edema method) and Anti-microbial efficacy for the Ethanolic extract of leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. Herbal medicines are in great demand in the developed world for primary health care due their efficacy, safety and lesser side effects. Recently ,considerable attention has been paid to utilize eco-friendly and bio –friendly plant based products. The natural products are undoubtedly valuable as a lead for new medicinal agents. Hence in the present study, is to investigate the Anti-inflammatory (carregeenan induced paw edema method) and Anti-microbial efficacy for the Ethanolic extract of leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. The plant Nelumbo nucifera was highly praised for its beauty and ornamental values, yet it is highly considered for its medicinal values. Various parts of the plant like leaf, flower, seeds and rhizomes were subjected for various in-vivo and in-vitro activities, it shows excellent pharmacological actions on the diseases like obesity, hyperlipdemia, various cancers, anti-HIV and various anti-bacterial activities. In present study, crude ethanolic extract of leaf of NN was subjected for the isolation of a probable flavonoid compound, which was characterised using spectral data’s. The compound posses potential DPPH radical scavenging activity, which was further evident for the anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract using carragenam induced paw oedema method. The extract was also investigated for its Anti-microbial activity, particularly for (MRSA), which is highly resistant for various anti-biotic. From the results obtained, it may be concluded that extract of leaf of NN, could reduce the inflammation and considered for its anti-microbial activity. It seems promising that these data will be validated in the future molecular level studies to establish its potential medicinal values

Evaluating serum C-reactive protein level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A cross-sectional study

Abstract Patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ongoing systemic inflammation, which can be assessed by measuring serum  C- reactive protein. Objective: To explore whether CRP could be used as an independent predictor of disease outcome in COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 COPD patients attending Respiratory Medicine outpatient services in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from January 2015 to September 2016. Patients aged 18-67 were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. Computerized Spirometer Helios 401 was the instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities. BeneSpheraTM CRP Latex Slide test kit was used to estimate serum c-reactive protein. Results and observation: The present study was conducted on fifty COPD patients in which serum CRP level showed positive correlation with COPD (p=0.002) but serum CRP level with spirometric parameters showed significant negative correlation;FEV1 (r=-0.451, p=0.001), FEV1/FVC (r=-0.617, p<0.001) and PEFR (r=-0.398, p=0.004). Conclusion: In our study, we found an association between serum CRP level and severity of COPD and Plasma CRP may be used as a marker of prognosis in COPD as the small increase is associated with poorer prognosis in COPD. Keywords: CRP; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Imphal

Comparative Evaluation of Oral Atenolol Vs Oral Clonidine as Premedicants for Hypotensive Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery under General Anesthesia

INTRODUCTION: Anaesthesia for Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a challenging job. The surgeons’ operating field itself is very small and surrounded with mucus membranes. It is imperative for the surgeons to look at a clear surgical field in order to identify the diseased tissue properly. A small amount of blood within the field is enough to occlude the view through the endoscope making things difficult for the surgeon, and incomplete removal of the diseased tissue will cause the disease to reoccur. Anaesthesiologists have devised various techniques to prevent this bleeding, of which induced hypotension has stood the test of time. This surgery per se is not a major one by its standards and surgeons recently have been trying to accomplish FESS as a daycare surgery. A good premedication with an antihypertensive agent can help to minimize the amount of volatile agents and vasodilators used to induce hypotension, thereby ensuring much hemodynamic stability and speedy recovery from anaesthesia. Thus I have chosen to study and compare the effects of clonidine and atenolol as oral premedicants for the same. This study proposes to analyze the anaesthetic challenge of keeping the operating field free of blood through pharmacological therapy. It compares how premedicating with either atenolol or clonidine affects the conduct of the fixed anaesthesia protocol evolved in our institute on patients undergoing FESS procedure under GA, and requiring a hypotensive technique to improve operating conditions. AIM: To evaluate the effect of oral atenolol vs. oral clonidine premedication for induced hypotension during general anesthesia for patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery based on: 1. Intra-operative hemodynamic stability. 2. Requirement of additional vasodilators. 3. Peri-operative side effects and complications. 4. Post-operative hemodynamic stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After getting clearance from the ethics committee, the study was formulated as follows: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized experimental double blind study. Case Definition INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients belonging to ASA I & II. 2. Patients between ages 16 to 60. 3. Patients undergoing FESS procedure. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Hypertensive patients. 2. H/o Cerebro-vascular accident / Transient ischaemic attack. 3. Moderate and severe IHD, EF < 40% 4. Poor respiratory reserve. 5. Significant hepatic or renal disease. 6. Contraindication for the use of study drug like bronchospasm, COPD, conduction defects and hypersensitivity. 7. Patients who are not willing to participate in the study. SAMPLING FRAME: Patients undergoing Functional endoscopic sinus surgery at the Upgraded Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Madras Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. PROBABILITY SAMPLING: Randomization using the lottery method. Sixty lots (twenty in each group) were placed to randomize the people who were willing to take part in the study. All the patients stand an equal chance of getting into any group with this method. All the patients were aware of the study and informed consent obtained. Sample Size: Sixty patients, twenty in each of clonidine, atenolol and placebo groups. SUMMARY: This prospective randomized study aimed to analyze the effect of atenolol and clonidine premedication on the peri-operative characteristics of patients undergoing FESS procedure under GA and induced hypotensive anaesthetic technique. The important conclusions from this study include; 1. Clonidine and atenolol premedication produces predictable and superior hemodynamics during peri-operative period, with atenolol being superior to clonidine. 2. Clonidine and atenolol premedication decreases the intra-operative requirement of vasodilators like NTG. 3. Clonidine and atenolol premedication decreases the requirement of inhalational anaesthetics like isoflurane to maintain hemodynamic control. 4. Clonidine premedication produces increased incidences of undesirable alterations in BP, which extended into the early post-op period, but could be easily treated. 5. Clonidine produces better sedation and anxiolysis pre-op and reduces the requirement of post-op analgesia as noted by delayed TAR times. 6. Clonidine reduces the incidence of post-anaesthetic shivering. 7. Atenolol produces lesser perturbations in HR and BP in response to intubation. 8. Atenolol produces very minimal hemodynamically adverse events during the perioperative period. 9. Lack of standardization of vasoconstrictors infiltrated by the surgeon maybe a limiting factor in the study. 10. Clonidine premedication produces poorer PADSS score reflecting inability to meet discharge criteria of daycare surgery. 11. FESS procedures seem to be inappropriate for consideration for daycare surgery with the most common morbidity factors being headache and pain. 12. Balanced anaesthesia technique with meticulous attention to patients needs is the single most important factor in production of controlled hypotension during surgery. CONCLUSION: Clonidine and Atenolol premedication provides superior and predictable perioperative hemodynamic control, reduces the requirement of hypotensive agents and produces acceptable recovery characteristics. The lesser incidence of complications recorded with Atenolol gives it a more favorable profile when compared to Clonidine. Clonidine or Atenolol premedication can form an important and desirable part of hypotensive anaesthesia for surgical procedures like FESS

Evaluating serum C-reactive protein level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A cross-sectional study

Abstract Patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ongoing systemic inflammation, which can be assessed by measuring serum&nbsp; C- reactive protein. Objective: To explore whether CRP could be used as an independent predictor of disease outcome in COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 COPD patients attending Respiratory Medicine outpatient services in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from January 2015 to September 2016. Patients aged 18-67 were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. Computerized Spirometer Helios 401 was the instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities. BeneSpheraTM CRP Latex Slide test kit was used to estimate serum c-reactive protein. Results and observation: The present study was conducted on fifty COPD patients in which serum CRP level showed positive correlation with COPD (p=0.002) but serum CRP level with spirometric parameters showed significant negative correlation;FEV1 (r=-0.451, p=0.001), FEV1/FVC (r=-0.617, p&lt;0.001) and PEFR (r=-0.398, p=0.004). Conclusion: In our study, we found an association between serum CRP level and severity of COPD and Plasma CRP may be used as a marker of prognosis in COPD as the small increase is associated with poorer prognosis in COPD. Keywords: CRP; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Imphal

Fatigue Analysis of High Performance Cement Concrete for Pavements Using the Probabilistic Approach

Cement concrete pavements are designed for flexural fatigue loading due to traffic. Due to its numerous advantages high performance cement concrete is finding it’s way in pavement construction. This paper investigates the fatigue strength of High Performance Cement Concretes subjected to flexural loading. Fatigue studies are conducted on these concretes to obtain the fatigue lives at various stress levels. Static flexural strength tests are conducted to determine the static failure loads on prism specimen. From the experimental studies carried out, the number of load repetitions to failure on the concretes under study is determined for three stress ratios. From the data obtained S-N curves are developed using linear regression models considering log normal distribution as is being presently adopted. Recent literature shows that weibull distribution is found to have more convincing physical features than the lognormal distribution to describe the fatigue behavior o concrete. To incorporate the probability of failure, weibull distribution is considered and Pf-S-N diagram are developed. It is observed that addition of fly ash and silica fume improves the fatigue performance of concrete by48% and 83% at a stress level of 0.75

An Economical, Eco friendly and Technical Assessment of Cement Replaced by Marble Dust in Permeable Concrete

The main objective of this project is to investigate the possibility of utilizing waste marble dust (MD) in cement and permeable concrete production. The research work was divided into four sections. The first section deals with the properties of cement modified with marble dust (marble dust blended cement), whereas the second section discusses the properties of concrete contained marble dust as a cement replacement. The replacement ratios which have been studied were 0.0%, 5.0%,, 10.0% , and 15% by weight. Water to powder ratio (w/p) or water to cement ratio (w/c) were 0.35 and 0.40 in case of cement replacement. Physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cement and concrete modified with marble dust were investigated. The third section this introduction to permeable concrete roads reviews its applications and engineering properties, including environmental benefits, structural properties, and durability. The fourth section deals with checking of compressive strength of traditional permeable concrete and cement replaced by marble dust in permeable concrete. Checking economy of cement replaced by marble dust in permeable concrete

Fault diagnosis of antifriction bearings through sound signals using support vector machine

Bearings constitute a crucial part of machinery that need to be continuously monitored. Major breakdowns can be prevented if bearing defects are identified at the earlier stage. Sound signals of the bearings can be used to continuously monitor bearing life. This paper uses sound signals acquired in bearings under healthy and simulated faulty conditions for the purpose of fault diagnosis through machine learning approach. The statistical features were extracted from the sound signals. Significantly important features were selected using J48 decision tree algorithm. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier. The selected features were given as inputs for the c-SVM and ν-SVM (nu – SVM) model of SVM and their classification accuracies were compare

Role of volar plating in unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients in tertiary teaching hospital

Background: Aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of volar locking plate fixation for unstable distal radical fractures DRFs in the elderly population (60 years old and older).Methods: An ethical committee approved the study protocol for research studies at NRI medical college. We included only unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients between 60 to 70 years, and patients who consent to the study. We excluded patients with comorbid conditions and below 60 years and patients with vascular injuries. Results were evaluated by the DASH questionnaire and Gartland and Werley scores.Results: According to Gartland and Werley score, 30 patients (85.7%) had excellent and good results. According to the DASH score, 31 patients (88.5%) had excellent and good results, and four patients (11.4%) had fair results. The most commonly noted complications in our study were arthritis (2 cases 5.7%), extensor pollicis longus tendon irritation (1 case 2.9%), and Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (1 case 2.9 %).Conclusions: Locked compression plate in unstable distal radius fractures provides excellent results with an effective correction of distal radius anatomy. Early range of movements of joints leads to a good outcome and return to regular activity.

Effect of T-tail on the Aerodynamic Characteristics and Static Stability of an Aircraft – A Computational Analysis

It is the purpose of this paper to find out the effect of T-tail on Aerodynamic characteristics and static stability of an aircraft. A T-tail aircraft with a configuration of tail with the horizontal stabilizer placed above the vertical stabilizer. Typically, a tail configuration in T shape. T- tail configuration is proposed with a goal of enhancing stability and controllability during high angle of attack and low speeds. Data is presented from a series of XFLR5 analysis to qualify the aerodynamic effect of T-tail over a range of angle of attack from -150 to +150. Various graphs were obtained during this analysis which indicates that the T-tail configuration can perform better at low speeds